Genetic relationship lecture answers

  1. [Background] Why do we need to study genetic relationship?
    • Understanding of selection, adaptation, ecology and evolution.
    • Gene mapping.
    • Quantitative genetics and complex traits.
    • Method development.
    • Genetic diversity management, optimal parental selection.
    • Target environment breeding.
    • Marker-based mapping and selection.
  2. [IBD] What is identity-by-descent?
    • Two alleles that have originated from the replication of one single allele in a previous generation.
    • Two alleles of the same origin.
  3. [IBD] Can you describe an application of IBD?
    • QTL linkage mapping
    • Marker genotype imputation and phasing
    • Genetic relationship matrix (GRM) calculation
    • Breeding and evolutionary history understanding
    • Population demographic inference
    • Genealogy and ancestry identification
    • Forensics
  4. [IBS] What is identity-by-state?
    • Two of the same alleles regardless of their ancestral origins.
    • Two alleles of the same state.
  5. [IBS] Can you describe an application of IBS?
    • Genetic relationship matrix (GRM) calculation
    • Linkage disequilibrium identification
    • Association mapping
  6. [Genetic distance] What is genetic distance?
    • A measure of genetic divergence between populations or sub-populations.
  7. [Genetic distance] What are the causes of genetic divergence?
    • Selection
    • Mutation
    • Drift
  8. [Genetic distance] Can you describe a method to compute genetic distance?
    • Roger’s distance
    • Nei’s distance
    • Fst/Qst
  9. [Genetic distance] Can you describe an application related to genetic distance?
    • Identifying the impact of selection and breeding.
    • Understanding evolution from a population genetics angle.
    • Phylogenetics.
    • Data encryption.
  10. [Population structure] What is population structure?
    • A consequence of genetic divergence between sub-populations.
  11. [Population structure] Can you describe a method for controlling the effect of population structure in genetic mapping?
    • Structured association, Q+K.
    • Genomic/delta control.
    • Stepwise regression.
    • Machine learning.
    • Functional validation.
    • Replication studies.
    • Family-based test, e.g. TDT, linkage mapping
    • Mapping population design.
  12. [Population structure] Can you describe an application related to population structure?
    • Association mapping.
    • Pan-genome assembly.
    • Selection mapping.
    • Precision medicine.
Updated on February 7, 2024